From the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA). [REF BF76.7 P83 2001] 5th ed. Also available in
PDF: APA Works Cited Paper
and Electronic, 5th Ed. (requires Adobe Acrobat). There is also a guide to the MLA style of citation.
Place a header at the top of each page with the first two or three words
from the title followed by a line break OR five spaces, followed by the page
number. Most word processing software, such as Microsoft Word, provide a feature for you
to enter a header that will appear on each page and number pages automatically.
The list of references at the end of your paper should be double-spaced
and titled "References.".
Use a 'hanging indent'. Begin the first line at the left margin; all subsequent
lines are indented 5-7 spaces or one-half inch..
Begin each entry with the author's or editor's name, if given. Enter the
last name first, followed by a comma and use initials for the first and middle
names, if present. For corporate authors, include the entire name. For an
editor, add (Ed.) after the name;
use (Eds.) if you have multiple editors.
If you do not have an author or editor, place the title in the author position.
After the author or editor name(s), place the date in parentheses (year,
month day), if available. Typically, for research journal articles and books,
use only the year. For magazines or frequently published newspapers and other
publications, enter as the date information as given.
Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle of books and articles
cited. Capitalize all words in a journal, magazine, newsletter or newspaper
title except articles (i.e. a, an, or the), prepositions and conjunctions.
Italicize the title of a book, journal, magazine, newspaper or newsletter.
For journals and other periodicals, add the volume number. Use an issue number
only if each issue begins its pagination at page one. Italicize volume numbers
but not issue numbers.
Add page numbers for references to magazine, journal or newsletter articles
and for book chapters.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ONLY - Follow other source information with a statement
“Retrieved [month, day, year], from [source].” Use “Available
from [source]” to indicate that the URL leads to information on how
to obtain the cited material, rather than to the material itself. URLs are
only required for web sites, not databases. Do not place a period after a
URL. See the example retrieval statements below.
CITING REFERENCES IN THE PAPER
Credit all sources of ideas, paraphrased or summarized text, and quotations
throughout the paper by using in-text citations. These citations refer the
reader directly to the corresponding entry in the reference
list.
Examples of the APA author-date style:
Single author: (Ruffman, 1999)
Two authors: (Katzenback & Santamaria, 1999)
Three to six authors: (Katzenback, Santamaria, & Ruffman, 1999)
For seven or more authors, list the first author, followed by the abbreviation,
et al.: (Katzenback et al., 1999)
ENTIRE WEB SITES are not cited in the reference list. Just give
the address of the site in the text:
Broadcast.com is a great place to listen to the radio from the
Internet (http://www.broadcast.com).
NO AUTHOR
APA Style.org: Electronic References. (2001). Retrieved
June 15, 2001, from http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html
PARTIAL WORK, NO AUTHOR
Serbia and Montenegro (1998). In CIA world fact book. Retrieved
September 20, 1999, from http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/sr.html
ELECTRONIC TEXTS
Paine, T. (1776). The American crisis. Retrieved September 20, 1999,
from http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/pframe.htm
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Lewin, A. (1999, September). They shoot 'horses' don't they? Premiere.
Retrieved September 21, 1999, from http://www.premieremag.com/articles/0999/horses.html
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Stinebaker, J. (1999, August 9). Organ harvesting sparks dispute
Houston Chronicle. Metropolitan. Retrieved September 20, 1999, from http://www.chron.com/content/story.html/metropolitan/314054