LSC-Kingwood Library APA Style Guide: Paper and Onlines Sources

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Lone Star College-Kingwood Library

From the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA). [REF BF76.7 P83 2001] 5th ed. There is also a guide to the MLA style of citation.

GENERAL GUIDELINES

Make margins one inch on all sides. Double space throughout.
Font should be 12 point serif such as Times New Roman or Courier.
Indent the first line of each paragraph 1/2”, except for the abstract or a block quote.
Sections: Title page; Abstract; Body; References. Each new section should start on a new page. Body may include Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion.
Title Page should have a running head at the top of the page with the title in all caps. Give the title again and institutional affiliation centered on the page.
Header should appear on all pages, including the title page. Use two or three words of the title, five spaces, page number. Right justify and place ½ inch to one inch from the top.

REFERENCES

All sources in the Reference list should be cited in the text.
Double space with a hanging indent.
Italicize titles of books and journals, including the volume number of journals.
Capitalize the first word only for article titles, book titles, and chapter titles. Capitalize all significant words of a journal name.
Alphabetize by the first significant word of the citation, whether an author or title.
Authors’ or editors’ names are Surname, A. A. If the author has a suffix such as Jr., separate with a comma. Surname, A. A., Jr.
For corporate authors (businesses and organizations), include the entire name.
For editors, add (Ed.) or (Eds.) after the name or names.
For references with more than six authors, list the first six names, followed by et al.
Use the ampersand (&) sign rather than the word “and.”
If there is no author or editor, begin with the title.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ONLY

Follow other source information with the statement: Retrieved [month day, year], from [source].
When the URL leads to information on how to obtain the cited material, rather than to the material itself, use: Available from [source]. [APA4.16 I94 & 95]
URLs are only required for web sites, not databases. Do not place a period after a URL.

CITING REFERENCES IN THE PAPER

Paraphrased, author in text:	Smith and Wilson (2000) agree that the moon is green cheese.
Paraphrased:	The moon is made of green cheese (Smith and Wilson, 2000),
Direct Quotation:	“The moon is green cheese” (Smith & Wilson, 2000, p. 100).
Direct Quotation, no page. #	“The moon is green cheese” (Smith & Wilson, 2000 ¶ 3).
Up to five authors	“...green cheese.” (Smith, Wilson, Jay, Kent, & Grey, 2000, p.5).
Six or more authors	“...green cheese.” (Smith, et al, 2000, p. 5).
No author	“The moon is green cheese” (Moon analysis, 2000, p. 100)
Secondary citation	Jay, Kent, and Grey 's study (as cited in Smith & Wilson, 2000)

All sources cited in the text should be included in the Reference List.
Parenthetical references should immediately follow the quote, even in mid-sentence.
The authors’ names may be included in the text (followed by the year and page numbers) in parentheses at the end of the quote.
Use author and year. For a direct quote, include page number or paragraph number.
If there are no page or paragraph numbers, number the paragraphs yourself.
Multiple authors, up to five, should all be cited. For six or more, use the first author’s surname & et al. [APA 3.95]
If there is no author, use the first few words of the citation and the year. APA 3.97]

EXAMPLES OF APA STYLE REFERENCES: PAPER REFERENCES: JOURNALS [APA 4.16A]

Author, A. A., Author B. B., Author, C. C., Author D. D., Author E. E., & Author F. F. (Year, Month

Day). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Journal Title, Volume, pages.

JOURNAL ARTICLE with CONTINUOUS PAGINATION, ONE AUTHOR [APA 4.16 A1]

Few, A. L. (2005). Voices of black and white rural battered women in domestic violence

shelters. Family Relations, 54, 488-500.

JOURNAL ARTICLE, TWO to SIX AUTHORS [APA 4.16 A2 & 3]

Aunola, K. Pasche, B. B., & Nurmi, J. E. (2005). The role of parenting styles in children’s problem

behavior. Child Development, 76, 1144-1160.

JOURNAL ARTICLE, SEVEN or more AUTHORS [APA 4.16 A4] ( Note the example of hyphenated first names [APA 4.08] )

Happner, P. P, Heppner, M. J., Lee, D. G, Wang, Y.-W., Park, H.-J., Wang, L.-F., et al. (2006). Development

and validation of a collectivist coping styles inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 107-125.

WEEKLY MAGAZINE ARTICLE [APA 4.16 A6]

Silk, J. B. (2006, March 3). Who are more helpful, humans or chimpanzees? Science, 311, 1248.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE WITH AUTHOR [APA 4.16 A10]

Walt, K. (1999, September 20). TAAS often only barrier between student, diploma.

Houston Chronicle, pp. A1, A8.

EXAMPLES OF APA STYLE REFERENCES: PAPER REFERENCES: BOOKS [APA 4.16B]

Author, A. A. (date). Chapter title. In B. B. Editor, C. C. Editor & D. D. Editor

(Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle of book (ed. edition, pp. pages). Place of

publication: Publisher.

BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR [APA 4.16 B]

Lane, C. (2007). Shyness: How normal behavior became a sickness . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

BOOK WITH EDITORS and EDITION NUMBER [APA 4.16 B23 & B25]

Noll, M. A. & Harlow, L. E. (Eds.). (2007). Religion and American politics: From

the colonial period to the present (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

BOOK WITH TWO TO SIX AUTHORS (more than six authors, use "et. al" after the sixth author) [APA 4.16 B]

Villard, R., & Cook, L. R. (2005). Infinite worlds: An illustrated voyage to planets beyond our
sun. Berkeley: University of California Press.

ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER, EDITION OTHER THAN FIRST [APA 4.16 B24]

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual

of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

ARTICLE REPRINTED FROM ANOTHER SOURCE [APA 4.16 B40]

Miner, H. (2005). Body ritual among the Nacirema. In J. M. Henslin (Ed.), Down to earth sociology:

Introductory readings (13th ed., pp. 77-91). New York: Free Press. (Reprinted from American

Anthropologist, 58(3), 1956).

WORK OR CHAPTER WITHIN A LARGER WORK [APA 4.16 B34]

Nassar, V. H.. (2008). Biopsy. In T. Iron-Georges (Ed.), Magill's medical guide

(4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 297-328). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

ENCYCLOPEDIA, SIGNED ARTICLE [APA 4.16 B38]

Kingslake, R., & Thompson, B. J. (2002). Optics. In Encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 25, pp.

202-216). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

EXAMPLES OF APA STYLE REFERENCES: NON-PRINT SOURCES [APA 4.16H]

MOTION PICTURE (FILM, VIDEOTAPE) [APA 4.16 H65]

Wood, M. (Writer/Director), & Lyons, B. (Producer). (2004). In search of the Trojan war

[Motion picture]. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video.

INTERVIEW [APA 3.102]

Because an interview is not recoverable, you do not include it in the references. You may cite in your parenthetical references as (T. Jefferson, personal interview, July 4, 2008).

MUSIC RECORDING [APA 4.16H69]

Ellington, D. (1926). Mood indigo [Recorded by Duke Ellington and the Cotton Club Orchestra]. On

Duke Ellington: Masterpieces 1926-1949 [CD]. Beckenham, Kent, England: Proper Records. (2001)

ELECTRONIC REFERENCES: WEB SITES [APA 4.16 I]

Author or Organization. (year, month day). Article title. In Page title.

Retrieved Month day, year, from url

WEB SITE WITHOUT AUTHOR OR DATE [APA 4.16 I77]

China the beautiful: Calligraphy of the masters. (n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2006, from

http://www.chinapage.com/china.html

PARTIAL WORK, NO AUTHOR [APA 4.16 I76]

Serbia (2008, June 20). In CIA world fact book. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from

http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rb.html

WEB SITE WITH AUTHOR AND UNIVERSITY [APA 4.16 I78]

Whitley, P. (1999). American cultural history 1920-1929 . Retrieved March 20, 2006, from

http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade20.html

ONLINE PUBLICATION [APA 4.16 I71]

Postoperative and posttraumatic pneumonias. (2006). Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy

(18th Ed.). Retrieved April 10 2006, from http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/home.jsp

MAGAZINE ARTICLE [APA 4.16 I72]

Farelly, E. (2008, March/April). Fear of not having had. Orion. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from

http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/2949/

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE [APA 4.16 I89]

Stinebaker, J. (1999, August 9). Organ harvesting sparks dispute. Houston Chronicle. Metropolitan. Retrieved

September 20, 1999, from http://www.chron.com/content/story.html/metropolitan/314054

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT [APA 4.16 I80 & 91]

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2008). Hydroxyurea for the treatment of sickle cell

disease (AHRQ Publication No. 08-E 007). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

Retrieved April 14, 2008, from http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS91282

ARTICLES FROM ELECTRONIC DATABASES: ELECTRONIC BOOK

Moses, R. P. & Cobb, C. E. (2002). Radical equations [Electronic book]. Boston: Beacon Press. Retrieved

March 13, 2006, from NetLibrary.

ARTICLES FROM ELECTRONIC DATABASES: JOURNAL ARTICLE [APA 4.16 I88]

Benjamin, M . (2008, April). Climbing the hill. Journal for Respiratory Care Practioners, 21(4), 10. Retrieved

July 13, 2008 from CINAHL Plus database.

ARTICLES FROM ELECTRONIC DATABASES: ABSTRACT FROM A SECONDARY SOURCE [APA 4.16 I90]

Campitelli, I., Ciccozzi, M., Salemi, M., Taglia, F., Bosor, S., Donatelli, I., et al. (2006). H5N1iInfluenza virus

evolution: A comparison of different epidemics in birds and humans. Journal of Genetic Virology, 87,

955-960. Abstract obtained April 6, 2006, from PubMed database.

E-MAIL COMMUNICATIONS

Personal communications like e-mail are not recoverable and thus are not included in your Reference Citations. They may be cited in your parenthetical references as (B. Gates, personal communication, May 5, 2008).

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Revised 7/08